Adrenal glands

The adrenal glands belong to the endocrine system.

Function of the adrenal glands

As the name suggests, the adrenal glands are located above the kidneys. Their role is to secrete hormones involved in different processes.

The outer part of the gland, the adrenal cortex, secretes glucocorticoids (cortisone). Among other things, these hormones are responsible for releasing stored glucose and therefore providing energy to the body. The mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) are responsible for potassium and sodium homeostasis. The gland also produces androgens (testosterone), which are also produced by the gonads.

The internal part of the adrenal glands, the adrenal medulla, secretes catecholamines, a group of hormones including adrenaline and noradrenaline. These hormones are involved in the stress response by increasing blood pressure and heart rate.

Structure of the adrenal glands

There are two adrenal glands, which are triangular in shape, and each weighs approximately 5 grams.

They are composed of two different superimposed structures, the central adrenal medulla, which is highly vascularised, and the surrounding adrenal cortex.